Abstract:
Alteratios in the emblyonic development produced by the outward application of pesticids on fertil bird eggs. At present, human beings as well as animals and vegetables are subject to the effects of biocides and food preservers, without knowing realy the consequence of such effects. For the purpose of studying their effects on the embryonic development, fertil eggs of Leghorn and Arbor Acres hens were sprayed with the fol1owing commercial products: 2,4-D; 2,4,S-T and Endrin, individually and with normal and higher than normal concentrations as used in our cropfields (for cereals). A gas incubator with a capacity for 60 eggs was used, with two daily turns, magnifyinglenses, etc. Batch of control eegs (water and organic solvent) and of eeg treated with various concentrations of the commercial products named, were placed there in. The classification of the embryos was made according to the Hamilton table. The teratogenic anormalitics were studied through morphologic control and the date of embryonic development stoppage was determmated. The chickens born were weighed and then killed, their brains taken out, weighed and processed for the chemical determinations. Total proteins were determined by the Lowry et. aL method, total lipids by gravimetry, phospholipids by the Dodge and Phillips method and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) by the Munro and Fleck method. It was noted that the external application of pesticids on fertil eggs at the concentrations recommended for our crops does not produce alterations in the normal development of the embryo, but at a concentration four times higher, teratogenic effects are observed as well as an embryonic death, the increasing order of toxicity being 2,4-D 2,4,5-T and Endrin. This means that the pesticid has penetrated through the shell to the egg. A variation in the brain concentrations of proteins, total lipids and nucleic acids was shown, but not of the brain weight, water percentage or of phospholipids.

Abstract:
Birds from the Paso de Otero Local Fauna (Late Pleistocene), Buenos Aires Province. Bird remains that occur in the Paso de Otero Local Fauna was described. The vertebrates compounding that Local Fauna are mainly mammals. They partially integrated the extinct pampean megafauna that characterized the Lujanian Age, Late Pleiltocene. These remains have been exhumed from sediments of the Guerrero Member of Luján Formation, that occur in the Quequén Grande river, left riverside, Paso de Otero, Necochea County . The bird remains are scanty and are attributed to four species. Nevertheless they confirm the paleoclimatological hypothesis posed by Fidalgo and Tonni, 1978. It afirm that: "During tbe depositation of this unit (Guerrero Member of Luján Formation) the climatic conditions were more arid and colder than the present"

Abstract:
Nearctic avian migrants in temperate and tropical communities. Poputations of over 300 species of birds that breed in America, north of Mexico, spend a portion of their life cycle in the tropical zone. Studies in Veracruz, Mexico, and elsewhere in the tropics have shown that there is intense intraspecific competition, fidelity to wintering sites, and niche specificity in migrants using these tropical environments. These findings indicate that many migrant populations are as dependent for survival upon tropical communities as upon the temperate or boreal communities in which they breed. However, not only are these communities important to migrants; migrants are also important to the communities, affecting community ecology in a number of subtle but important ways including: pollination, fruiting seasons and dispersal strategies in plants; invertebrate hatching periods; parasite life cycles and breeding cycles among resident frugivores, insectivores and carnivores. Migratory birds from a fragile link between ecosystems thousands of kilomemeters apart. Through these species the effects of habitat misuse in one area can be felt throughout many widely separated parts of the hemisphere. The ecology of the migrant symbolizes the need for international cooperation in matters of conservation.

Resumen:
Because avian community organization of tropical wetland habitats in Amazonia is not well known, we conducted a preliminary study on a two-year old fallow ricef teld in coastal Guyana. Census of the field during July and August, 1974 found 31 diurnal spccies, a bird species diversity (H') of 3.22 and evenness (J') of 0.94. These values are probably the highest recorded. for a tropical nonforested area. Conununity foraging utilization was diverse. Insectivores and omnivores dominated the primary food habit types but camivorous, granivorous and nectivorous species were also represented. The bird community was dominated by species utilizing ground and water substrates for foraging and foliage gleaning was the dominant form of 8 types of foraging behavior recorded. Eighteen foraging guilds were found. Nine (50%) were represented by only 1 species. Factors accounting for high bird species diversity and guild richness are discussed. We propose high diversity in bird species and foraging utilization are the consequence of a highly productive system and the unstability of adjacent habitats.

Abstract:
Vocalizations and breeding habits of White-tipped Doves Leptotila verreauxi were studied in a site in Buenos Aires Province. Two adult calls and nestling vocalizations are recognized and depicted in sonograms. The breeding season spans at least 162 days, shorter than in other local pigeons and doves. Nest sites included deserted buildings. Second eggs in c1utches in which the laying order was known were heavier and darker. The laying interval was between 24 and 36 h., the incubation period 14 days, and the nestling period up to 17 days. A banded pair reared 3 successful broods in one season. Nesting success was 50% for nests in buildings, and 23% in other sites. F1edglings have grey orbital skins and ferrugineous edges in the wing feathers.

Abstract:
Knowledge and conservation of fauna as a general course for all the students in the University. There is a general agreement that knowledge and appreciation of the national patrimony forms a most important part of people's education. In this context there is a need to provide, at a high level, courses on knowledge and conservation of fauna that allow all the University students from different disciplines to obtain a basic knowledge and a general understanding of the national fauna which forms part of this patrimony. Based upon thes considerations, two course programs on “knowledge and conservation of the national fauna” as applied in the Universidad Católica de Valparaíso-Chile are presented and their results discussed in this paper.

Abstract:
Contributions to applied ecology to wildlife and natural areas. VII Available methods, their limitations and aplicability for quantitative studies for avian communities in some different aquatic habitats in south of Argentina. The importance of quantitative studies (census, sampling and index) of bird colonies and communities is emphasized. This kinds of information is needed in all programs of investigation and conservation. It is also important for detailed understanding of the dynamic of avian population and bioenergetic interelationahips. The diverse censal methods were applied in the fleld in the following fresh-water and marine habitats: 1) Fresh-water bird communities (Laguna Blanca, Neuquén); 2) Patagonian seacoast (península Valdés-Bahía Janssen-Bahía Bustamante, Chubut); 3) Oceanic and pelagic environment (Puerto Argentino-Puerto San Carlos, Islas Malvinas). The limitation of the different methods used by author are discussed.

Abstract:
Information is presented on the results of 16 bird censuses of the western inlet and saltmarsh of the Puerto Espora area (Tierra del Fuego) on the first narrows of the Straits of Magellan. This area was one of the most affected by the oil spilled from the VLCC Metula in august 1974. The censuses were carried out periodically between September 1976 and September 1979. A total of 36 species were recorded, of which one third is commonly found. Topics analyzed include: the presence of species by sectors within the study area; the general diversity for each census, its variation through time and cluster analysis.

Abstract:
The impact of industrial pollution on a natural pond is described in this paper. The chemicals have strongly reduced the ornithofauna at both individual and species level. The organic compounds acting upon vegetation reduce sheltered areas and nest sites and cause severe damage to the invertebrate animals that are usually eaten by birds.

Abstract:
The Nandú (Rhea americana) and its extinetion in the wiId in the Province of Buenos Aires. In this paper, it is shown that in the second half of the XIX century; the Ñandú (Rhea americana ) was a scarce bird in the area of the Province of Buenos Aires. The hunting practiced by the indians and the gauchos is mentioned as the chief cause for the decreasing number of tbe specie during the XIX century, the destruction of eggs being included in the term hunting. The changes occurred in tbe natural surroundings of the Province of Buenos Aires during the last hundred years also contributed to the extinction of this bird in the wild. The autbor mentions the main natural enemies of the Rhea. The reasons for its hunting are also referred to the entertainment or amusement provided by its capture and the use of its feathers and skin. A description is given of the throwing weapon used for ¡ts capture by the inhabitants of the pampas during the lalt century.

Abstract:
There are twelve different orografic systems in Argentina. Eight of them belong to the Andean Cordillera and the others are sparced in Pampean plains and Patagonia. The Sierras Pampeanas is the most important extra-andean system. Nevertheless, from biogeographic considerations, this approach is irrelevant, as the diverse life zones are determined by altitude, latitude and slope exposure. The altitude lines of 500 m and 1.000 m show an incipient isolation of the Sierras de Córdoba y San Luis while the altitude line of 1.500 m above the timberline in these sierras borders and andean environment is completely isolated. There are various endemic plant species and endemic species and subspecies of vertebrates, and another seven new subspecies of birds are described here.

Abstract:
Study about Inftuenza in antarctic birds. The important question about Influenza epidemiology even not answered, and the possible relationship between birds and human influenza stimulated our interest to research HAI antibodies, to internal antigens (RNP) antibodies, and isolation attemps in embrionated hens eggs, from birds of isla Media Luna, Argentine Antarctic. Fifteen antigens were used, 282 serums and 96 tracheal and cloacal swabs from different avian species were coUected, these materials were sampled during the period December 12, 1978 up to January 30, 1979. HAI antibodies against the antigens studied were not detected. Antibodies to internal antigens types A and B Influenza virus were not detected. Isolation was not obtained. The results obtained shows that, had not indirect nor straight evidence on birds in the arca and the period studied of Influenza infection.

Abstract:
Quantitative studies of birds in urban area of Buenos Aires with dense human population. This paper deals with the distribution of birds in the city of Buenos Aires. Sixteen public squares and parks situated in different parts of the city were studied during the breeding season in 1979. The results of the bird census work are given in thedifferent following manners: Asp = abundance of each species watched in each place (generally middle of five observation) with indication of minimum and maximum; Asp/ha; An=the abundance of all species in every place (population density) and D =dominance of each species in each place. The European species introduced in Argentine, Passer domesticus, and Columba livia, dominate considerably in the majority of places reaching up to 98% , particularly in some central public squares. Autochthonous species population were generaly observed notably less numerous, but in larger parks were found in relatively greater quantities, as is the case of Parque Saavedra with a dominance of 60 % . The following autochthonous species were observed: Zenaida auricu1ata, Columbina picui, Furnarius rufus, Pitangus sulphuratus, Machetornis rexosa, Progne chalybea, Troglodytes aedon, Minus Saturninus, Turdus rufiventris, Molothrus bonariensis, Thraupis sayaca, Carduelis magellanica, Sicalis flaveola y Junco capensis. The first results of the Omithological Urban Program of the Estación de Hidrobiología Delta are given in the present paper.

Abstract:
Guide and Pattern for the Classification ot Argentine and Neotropical Otnithological Bibliography. In this paper, 79 works related to Ornithology, which were published in Neotropica (Notas Zoológicas Americanas, Sociedad Zoológica del Plata, La Plata, Argentina) from 1954 to 1978 (Vol. 1, N° 1/Vol. 24, N° 72), are analized and classified as guide and pattern for the preparation and publication an exhaustive compilation of the Sistematized Argentine an Neotropical Ornithological Bibliography. From this works, 2 (2,5%) refers to Anatomy, 25 (31,7%) to Taxonomy, 32 (40,5%) to Zoogeography, 1 (1,3%) to Biology, 17 (21,5%) to Ecology (including Bird Banding and Migration), and 2 (2,5%) to Applied Ornithology. We hare not taken into account for determining the percents the affinity or relatedness of subjects, e.g. papers that can be inc1uded in to more than one subjects. They cover 579 species and subspecies corresponding to the 64 following families: Spheniscidae (8), Rheidae (1), Tinamidae (31), Podicipedidae (4), Diomedeidae (6), Phalacrocoracidae (7), Ardeidae (10), Ciconüdae (2), Threskiomithidae (4), Phoenicopteridae (1), Anhirnidae (1), Anatidac (31), Accipitridae (13), Falconidae (5), Cracidae (5), Phasianidae (3), Aramidae (1), Rallidae (12), Jacanidae (1), Rostratulidae (1), Haematopodidae (2), Recurvirostridae (1), Charadriidae (6), Scolopacidae (30), Phalaropodidae (1), Stercorariidae (8), Laridae (22), Rynchopidae (1), Columbidae (17), Psittacidae (5), Cuculidae (8), Tytonidae (1), Strigidae (11), Caprimulgidae (13), Apodidae (2), Trochilidae (13), Alcedinidae (3), Momotidae (1), Bucconidae (1), Ramphastidae (2), Picidae (14). Dendrocolaptidae (5), Furnariidae (36), Formicariidae (11), Conopophagidae (2), Rhinocryptidae (1), Cotingidae (3). Pipridae (4), Tyrannidae (62), Phytotomidae (2). Hirundinidae (10), Corvidae (1), Troglodytidae (2), Mirnidae (3), Turdidae (1), Sylviidae (1), Motocillidae (4), Ploceidae (1). Vireonidae (1), Icteridae (17), Parulidae (6), Coerebidae (2). Thraupidae (17). and Fringillidae (63). Drawings representing the results and statistics obtained in this paper are attached.

Abstract:
Feeding habits of Argentinian owls; an analisis of cast pellets. The author studied the contents of 1421 cast pellets of the following Argentinian owls: Bam Owl, Tyto alba tuidara (3 samples of 1215, 116 and 58 pellets); Great Horned Owl Bubo virginianus nacurutu (2 samples of 14 and 18 pellets) and Burrowing Owl. Athene cuniculllria partridgei (10 pelleta). The results are presented in tables with the following information: place, date, prey species, numbers of individuals in each prey species, present of each prey species on total prey, and a two variable code representing main prey species (AP) and secondary prey species (AS). The principal conclusions of the prey marnmals studied are: Oligoryzomys is a valid genus. Bibimys sp. and Colomyslaucha ssp., coexisting in Misiones Province. The presence of Holochilus brasiliensu ssp. is verified in the Misiones Province. Oligoryzomys flavescens antonitae ssp. nov. is described. Bibimys torresi Massoia , 1978, is cited for first time in Entre Rios Province.

Abstract:
Northeast birds catalogue of San Luis, Argentine Republic. The investigated birds belong to the Conlara Valley, which is situated on the Northeast regíon of Province of San Luis, Argentine Republic. It is surrounded by the east hillside of the Comechingones Mountain and San Luis Hill to west

Abstract:
This paper contains a census of birds of prey made along a stretch of 383 km, between the cities of Mercedes and Corrientes, province of Corrientes. lt also analyzes the possible causes for the decreasing of birds of prey, noticed in the province.

Abstract:
Faunistic and bioecological note. of Península Valdéz and Patagonia. XXVI. Behavioral satudies of breeding magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus ,at Bahia Janssen colonies, Chubut, Argentina. During the breeding season 1970-1971 the author studied the breeding of Magellanic

Abstract:
The Bran-colored Fiycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus was studied at the southem border of its distribution in Buenos Aires. Data on adult behavior are include different vocalizations were recognized. A total of 11 nest were studied. Nesting success was only 14.30%. Clutch size seems to be about 2 eggs throughout the species range. Variation in the growth rate of nestlings may explain this unusual uniformity, but further information on this point is needed.

Abstract:
Indian bird names from Tierra del Fuego. The author of this compilation was the late Percival W. Reynolds. His wife and brother generously allowed us to publish the manuscript, presented here as a tribute to the memory of this ornithologist. Bird names are given in Ona language ( ), Yahgan , Spanish and English. The scientific nomenclature has beenupdated. Only species with Indian names are included.

Abstract:
Argentine birds new sightings. Presence of Pitangus lictor outside its range: a Lesser Kiskadee, the distribution of witch reaches northern Bolivia and Central Brazil, according to existing data, was seen al Los Talas, Buenos Aires Providence, on May 6, 1979. Three weeks later, it was captured by Juan Klimaitis. It presence in Argentine is new and it is strange that, although an insectivorous birds, it was found in winter. Observation of a Commun Dowitcher of the genus Limnodromus: there are differing opinion about the presence of Limnodromus acolopaseus in Argentine. The only specimen taken so far in this country is a female of L. scolopaseus. Since it is most difficult to separate the two species much of the literature about the distribution in South America may be wrong. A Common Dowitcher was seen and photographed near Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires Province, on December 6, 1977. Amongst other specialists consulted was Dr. Franf A. Pitelka; he believe that it was a male of L. scolopaseus in its first autumn plumage. This would represent the second record of this species in the country. Discovery of Aphryza virgata in Argentine territory: lt is not difficult to imagine that the Sud Bird which migrates from North America to the far south of Chile could also reach the Argntine sector of Tierra del Fuego. This distribution was confirmed by the observation of an individual on the beaches near Ushuaia on February 19, 1978. This is the first record for Argentine.

Abstract:
The nests of 4 species of andean birds are described for the frrst time: Muscisaxicola rufivertex (parasitized by Molothrus bonariensis, also a first record), Catamenia inornata. Sicalis olivascens and Ozrduelis crassirostris . Descriptions of sites. materials, eggs and nestlings are included.

Abstract:
Observations on the Hodded Grebe. The Hooded Grebe (Podiceps gallardoi) is a recently discovered (Rumboll, MAE April 1974), and still little known, species, belonging to the family Podicipedidae. Two trips to the site where it was discovered (April 1978 and January 1979) allowed making observations on its breeding, behavior and populations status, and organizing its conservation. The only, until then, known population, corresponding to Lake Los Escarchados (some 50 km East Southeast of Lake Argentino, Province of Santa Cruz), has been estimated in 140 to 150 individuals. It is known, though, that the number varies for these grebes migrate in winter, as the lake's surface freezes. Two additional small groups have been found in neighbouring lakes, one of them breeding (trhee pairs).

Abstract:
Litoral birds were censused during eleven consecutive months along the coast of Mehuín with different habitats (coastal, beach, tidal marsh, estuary and adjacent sea) with the main purpose to characterize ecologically the ornithofauna at this latitude of the country. Fourteen different census areas were recognized;habitat preference of bird species was determined there. The order Charadriiformes dominated with species from a total of 39 recognized. A little more than half of those were visitors to Mehuín, being those of septentrional origin more represented than the ones of austral origin. The most representative migratory birds from the north were Calidris alba and Larus pipixcan. Only more than one third of the identified species were detected regularly along the year, evidencing a significant migratory movement on that place. Most individuals were counted at the end of spring and summer, coincident with the biggest migratory activity of birds. The most abundant birds along the year were the residents: Lorus dominicanus and Lorus maculipennis plus the above migrants already mentioned. Most birds tend to prefer the beach area. estuarine swamp and temporal ponds behind the dunes, where they rest, scavengc, prey or c1ean themselves. The local omithocenosis is almost entirely camivorous, being numerically most representcd the species which are offal feeders and scavcngers. The local avifauna is thus influenced mainIy by anthropic activity of thc local fishcrmen and shellfish industry.

Abstract:
Data on the brood parasitism of the Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis on the Rufous-collared Sparrow, Zonotrlchia capensis, was collected during 10 breeding seasons (l970-1979: 70 nests), in a study site at Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Though the cowbird parasitised 14 species of local passerines (40 %"of the total) most parasitic fledglings (46%), were reared by the sparrows. During the breeding season sparrows considerably outnumbered the cowbirds. Home ranges of banded female cowbirds ranged in size from 21 to 48 ha, and other females were not excluded; the females were rather gregarius.After 1975 the incidence of parasitism in nests of sparrows declined significantly; the overall incidence was 61,90%. Two morphs of cowbirds eggs were found in similar proportions in sparrow nests; measurements, size and shape of the egg morphs are included. The distribution of all cowbirds eggs in the nests of this accepter host departed significantly from Poisson and Preston (1948) distributions, but those of separate egg morphs agreed closely with expected distribution. Cowbird females laid 1 or 2 eggs per sparrow nest; with 1 exception, sets of 3 or more cowbird eggs represent parasitism by 2 or more females. The nesting success of host and parasite was low, being only 5,56% for cowbird eggs. Cowbirds destroyed relatively few (6,58%) cowbird eggs. In order to have 1 fledgling cowbird reared by sparrows each breeding season female cowbirds should lay 18 eggs in the nests of this host. The results are compared with those of other studies.

Resumen:
Datos recientes sobre distnbución de aves en manchas remanentes de selva en el Estado de Sao Paulo, Brasil (willis. 1979), dan la oportunidad de extender a las mismas una prueba de la teoría que explica la diversificación de la biota neotropical por medio de refugios recientemente propuesta por Oren, 1981a, 1981b. El modelo predice que, a mayor superficie minima de selva que requiere un taxón determinado, menor sería el número de refugios de selva donde el taxón podría haber sobrevivido durante el Pleistoceno. Estos deberían reflejarse hoy día en el número y distribución del taxón en cuestión. Este trabajo se refiere a las familias Dendrocolaptidae, Fumariidae y Formicariidae. En todos los casos el patrón actual resulta el predicho por el modelo. Esto refuerza el cúmulo de evidencias que indica que la selva neotropical estuvo fragmentada durante los picos glaciales del Pleistoceno.

Abstract:
New locations are reported, thus extending the distributions areas for 46 species in the Argentine Republic.

Abstract:
A systematic review of the races of the Scaly-headed parrot (Pionus maxiniliani) The author revised the geographic distribution of the four recognized races of this Parrot; a total of 187 specimens from 86 localities were examined. The confuse situation in Northem Argentina is solved, and the validity of the race lacerus is confirmed. The results diverge from those reported by Smith (1960). He restricted the race siy to NE Argentina and reported overlap with lacerus in Formosa, Chaco and Paraguay; the observations show intergradation between siy and melanoblepharus in this area. The race melanoblepharus is restricted in Argentina only to Misiones and also intergrades with siy. The geograpbic ranges of the four races of this Parrot are described.

Abstract:
The bird-banding in Brazil, its past, present and future is discused in tbe paper. The Centro de Estudos de migraçoes de Aves (CEMAVE), its organization and level of acting is presented. The bird hunting activity in Brazil will be done with the CEMAVE'S background furnished by bird-banding and recovery data on game species. The northern and southern migrants ocurrence, its ecosystem diversity, the evolutional and distributional patterns of birds in tropical and sub-tropical zones will be the major factors for the bird-banding development in Brazil.

Resumen:
Aunque el Arará o Ara Cara Amarilla (Anodorhynchus lean ) fue descripto por Bonaparte en 1856 en base a un ave cautiva, y que por más de un siglo han aparecido otros especímenes en cautividad, nada se sabía sobre su distribución, habitat y status; incluso se pensó que podría ser un híbrido entre A. hyacinthinus y A. glaucus ; de hecho está bastante relacionado con este último. En 1974 descubrimos una población natural en el Raso de Catalina, Bahia. Se localiza en una meseta de arenisca cortada por cañadones del río Vasa Barris, en un paisaje árido de caatinga. El Arará utiliza huecos en las barrancas de los cañadones para dormir y nidificar; de día vuelan a considerable distancia para alimentarse, principalmente de frutos de la palmera Syogrus coronata. Se vieron bandadas de hasta 21 individuos. Es el único psitácido de la localidad. Concluimos que el Arará representa una población disyunta y relictual de A. glaucus de la cuenca del Paraná y Paraguay; ambas podrían considerarse aloespecies. La más reciente evolución de A. hyacinthinus en Brasil central separó la distribución original. La Secretaría Especial do Medio Ambiente (S.EM.A.) ha creado una reserva y estación biológica en el lugar, cuya delimitación se estudia, a fin de proteger los pocos centenares de Arará que aún sobreviven.

Abstract:
Seasonal variations of the structure of the Spotted Tinamous ( Nothura maculosa ). Morphological data obtained by means of observation under optic microscope in ovaries of the Spotted Tinamous.(Nothura maculosa ), are presented. The characteristics of the ovaries in winter recess and in time of breeding activity are compared. In the first period it is noticed the very redueed size of the organ; small follieles; numerous masses of folicle atresia and groups of vacuolated cells (full of lipids). In the second period the ovaries are well developed, the rate of follicle growth has increased, and active vitellogenesis takes place a minor number of atresic follicles and of masses of cells full of lipids are observed. These characteristics and some less relevant ones are described and its significance is briefiy discussed.

Abstract:
Geopaphic variation in the Reddiah-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura frontelis ). Geographic variation in the widespread (NE Argentina to NE Brazil). Reddish-bellied Parakeet is not well understood, particularly the distribution of subspecies chripepe and the validity of the race Kriegii and its presence in Misiones. We studied 208 specimens collected at 63 localities, and we recognize only two subspecies P. frontalis (reddish tail) and P. chiripepe (green-yellow tail). We think convenient to include in the rust subspecies all the red-tailed populations; thus we do not recognize the alleged race kriegii. The variation in tail color is clinal, and it is impossible to segregate intermediate specimens in another race. The raee frontalis is distributed from Babia to Sao Paulo in Brazil, and the race chiripepe is distributed from south Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and south Matto Grosso to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and to Chaco and Corrientes in Argentina, as well as SE Paraguay.